Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD) is a rare but severe bacterial infection that causes significant inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, potentially leading to a bloodstream infection. Although uncommon, the disease can be fatal. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), one in ten people infected with IMD succumb to the illness.
Paediatrician Dr. Ahmed Faisal emphasised the significant risk IMD poses to both children and adults, particularly those with weakened immune systems. He highlighted tiredness and fatigue as common symptoms and advised vigilance in case of fever or other indicative signs.
Despite no reported cases of meningococcal disease in the country over the past two decades, Dr. Faisal urged caution, especially for travellers returning from abroad, including those on the Hajj pilgrimage. He recommended that pilgrims promptly seek medical attention if they experience fever or related symptoms.
IMD spreads through respiratory droplets, such as saliva from coughing or sneezing, similar to other contagious diseases. Dr. Faisal underscored the critical importance of personal hygiene and recommended using masks to prevent transmission. He also advised against direct contact with patients diagnosed with IMD.
Vaccination is a key preventive measure. Dr. Faisal stressed the importance of timely vaccination, advising travellers to get vaccinated at least two weeks before departure. He also urged those showing symptoms within 14 days of vaccination or who haven't been vaccinated to seek immediate medical attention.
IMD symptoms can manifest within one to ten days of infection and include headache, neck stiffness, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, drowsiness and confusion, rashes, sensitivity to bright lights, seizures, fatigue, and breathing difficulties.
Individuals at higher risk include those with weakened immune systems, such as infants, individuals undergoing treatment for chronic illnesses, and those with spleen-related disorders. Dr. Faisal recommended prompt medical attention for anyone exhibiting symptoms rather than relying on home remedies. Studies indicate potential long-term health complications post-recovery, including impaired vision or hearing, memory loss, difficulty concentrating, balance issues, and seizures.
Preventive measures, including vaccination, hygiene practices, and early medical intervention, are crucial in managing the risk posed by Invasive Meningococcal Disease.